Environmental Science And Engineering (Toxicology)

Toxicology is the scientific study of adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on biological organisms. Few examples of toxic agents are lead, mercury, chlorine, methanol, coal dust, asbestos fiber, noise and radiation. The dose of a substance is all in toxicology that classifies whether the substance under consideration is toxic or not. Paracelsus who is regarded as the father of toxicology stated on significance of dose that All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy. The toxicity of a substance depends on a number of factors like form and innate chemical activity, dosage, dose-time relationship, exposure route, species, age, sex, ability to be absorbed, metabolism, distribution within the body, excretion and presence of other toxic substances. Environmental toxicology uses a variety of techniques to study the impact of toxic agents on living organisms and provides powerful tools for assessing the risks associated with the presence of these agents. The present volume 6 offers a good stock of articles on toxicology, environmental fate of agricultural chemicals, toxic effects of hospital waste, toxic effects of herbicides on fishes and many more. The topics covered in this volume include: o Introduction to toxicology o A primer on pesticides o Environmental fate and toxicology of pesticides o Practical approaches towards pesticides degradation o Pesticide transformation products as contaminants of water compartments o Pesticide residue in agricultural and aquaculture products of India o Pesticides classification and its impact on human and environment o Solid waste from hospital and their toxic effects on aquatic organisms o No steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as contaminants of concern for aquatic organisms o RP-HPLC based development and characterization of drugs o Properties, occurrence and content of polyphones in food and potential effects o Effects of commercial herbicides with glyph sate against amphibian and fishes o Fighting parasites with photodynamic reactions involving chlorophyll derivatives o Bone growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses to implantation of titanium plate o Behavioral toxicity of diesel in estuarine mud whelk of Sundar bans biosphere reserve o Organ phosphorus insecticides and organ toxicity o Environmental toxins and neurodegeneration o Biopesticides for environmental safety This volume contains 18 articles from 48 researchers and/or academicians representing 9 nations, namely Argentina, China, Egypt, Germany, India, Libya, Mexico, Spain and United States of America giving an overview of the various research activities being carried out in different parts of the world in the field of Toxicology.